Growth Hormone in Humans *
نویسنده
چکیده
The ability of purified crystalline preparations obtained from the anterior pituitary to produce growth in hypophysectomized animals has been established repeatedly.3"' The effectiveness of a given preparation can be demonstrated by its ability to produce linear growth" or to produce a positive balance of nitrogen." The production of an increased epiphyseal width is also considered evidence of growth-promoting activity,' although this effect has also been reported as a result of the administration of insulin" or glucagon." In human beings, the production of growth or of epiphyseal changes cannot easily be studied, and most investigations of the effects of the hormone have therefore been confined to balance experiments. Attempts to produce a positive nitrogen balance in normal, diabetic, or hypopituitary human patients have been unsuccessful"""" or incompletely reported."' The difficulties of conducting accurate balance studies in human beings are so great that only relatively large changes can be measured. Consequently, physiologically significant alterations may have been produced in human experiments, but the effect may not have been recognized because of the grossness of the technique. The available preparations of growth hormone have also usually produced untoward effects after several days of administration to human subjects, so that the anabolic actions may have been obscured by the side effects such as fever, nausea, and anorexia. In addition to its well-established effects in promoting growth, the hormone also produces certain acute alterations in the metabolism which can be detected in relatively short-term experiments in animals. For example, the hormone causes an acute fall of blood glucose in intact rats' and dogs,' a fall of plasma a-amino nitrogen in rats",7",' and in the blood amino nitrogen of cats," and a rise of ketone bodies of rats.""" In hypophysectomized rats, a rise of plasma inorganic phosphate occurs after the administration of growth hormone." Anti-insulin and diabetogenic properties may
منابع مشابه
اثرات تجویز هورمون رشد بر دانسیته استخوانی در خرگوش بالغ سالم
Background: The effects of growth hormone (GH) on bone density in healthy adults is controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of GH administration on bone density under controlled conditions in healthy adult rabbits. Methods: Twenty healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were included in the study. The rabbits were divided into two groups. The experiment gr...
متن کاملGhrelin, food intake, and botanical extracts: A Review
A kind of growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), ghrelin, was first isolated from the rat stomach and plays a major role in the activation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) resulting the release of growth hormone (GH). The preproghrelin gene is placed on chromosome 3, at locus 3p25 –2 in humans and constitutes five exons and three introns. Ghrelin is most plentifully expresse...
متن کاملThe effects of short-term growth hormone (somatotropin) bath on some growth and immunity indices in the early stages of growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
This study was conducted to determine the effect of growth hormone on some growth and immunity parameters at three stages of rainbow trout eyed egg, alvin and fry. The experiment was carried out in 4 treatments with concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/l of somatotropin hormone. For permeability, different experimental groups were treated with sodium hypochlorite (0.005 %) for 15 seconds befo...
متن کاملComparison of Expression of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Receptor Splice Variant 1 in Different Stages of Endometriosis
متن کامل
Growth hormone, functions and the ability to use it in ornamental fish
The growth hormone in fish is involved in most of the physiological processes in the body, including the growth of soft and hard tissues, protein metabolism, lipid and carbohydrate, ionic regulation and osmotic balance, reproductive function, and immune system. Since the study on the use of growth hormone in ornamental fish is not available, the present study aims to regulate neuroendocrine gro...
متن کاملThe relationship between growth hormone polymorphism and growth hormone receptor genes with milk yield and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between growth hormone GH/AluI and growth hormone receptor GHR/AluI polymorphisms with milk yield and reproductive performances in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. Blood samples of 150 Holstein cows were collected and their genomic DNA was extracted using Gene-Fanavaran DNA extracting kit. Fragments of the 428 bp of exon 5 growth ho...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
دوره 26 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1954